DANIEL ASSA
Israel. Givatayim, 90 Shenkin St. 5330801
Email: AssaDany@Gmail.com Blog: DanielAssa.com Cell. 972-52-6553999
Israel. Givatayim: October 29, 2025
This article replaces a previous article on the same subject that was previously published
TIME
My Definition of Time is: Time is a measurement of delay.
Time is a dimension in the Universe that expresses the degree to which the Space delays the movement of the Matter.
Time is measured by using a clock.
This article does not deal with the essence of Space, but it is based on two important assumptions regarding its properties. One is that Space is made of kind of substance (the essence of this substance is unknown, I will further call it "Space-objects"). The second assumption is that Space is discrete (non-continuous). The discreteness the of material Space explains the Achilles and the Turtle paradox. The paradox claims that the mythical Achilles, the fastest of humans, will never be able to catch up with a turtle that started a race a little before him, because Achilles will always have to pass half the distance and half the time between him and the turtle, in a repetitive and endless process. The fact that Space-Time is discrete causes the Space between Achilles and the turtle to be finite, thus allowing Achilles to get the turtle.
In order to create Time, two components must be involved: Matter in motion and Space-objects that delay Matters movement. Albert Einstein’s theory of Relativity states that Time is subjective, that is, its measured value depends on the observer looking at the Moving-Matter (including observer who is inside the Moving-Matter). Below, I will refer to Time measured by us as observers in four out of many possible cases:
1. Universe Time. – Space itself expands, apparently within a primordial void whose essence we do not know. In such a case, Space itself is parallel to Moving-Matter (according to my definition of Time), and since it is also the delaying factor in the creation of Time in the first place, Time (according to my definition) does not exist. My conclusion is this that we cannot measure the age of the Universe, that includes Space inside, in the ordinary Time terms that we use (years, days, hours, etc.).
2. Cosmic Time. – The known Universe is composed of visible and invisible Matter – galaxies, stars, dark Matter, and more. Each one of these, together and separately, are delayed in their movement by the Space, and therefore they have their own Time separately. I will call the Time of their collective movement in Space – "Cosmic Time". This Time, as observed by us, represents the age of Matter in the Universe (excluding Space), in terms of conventional Time. In my opinion, Cosmic Time itself changes as the Universe ages. The reason for this is, that due to the spherical geometric structure of the expansion of Space (which originated in the Big Bang), the density of Space-objects decreases as Matter expands progresses, and therefore the degree of Matter's delay by Space decreases. As a result, the speed of the expansion of Matter increases. This phenomenon has a significant impact on measurement of the age of the Universe.
3. Earthly Time. – This is the Time according to which the clocks are set on Earth. Our Earthly Time is created by the delay of Earth's motion by Space, in addition to the essential influenced of the Cosmic Time.
4. Private Time. – This is the Time that each and every one of us experiences separately. Private Time is similar to Earthly Time and in addition, it is also influenced by two other factors, as determined in the theory of Relativity – the speed of our movement in relation to the environment, and the strength of Gravity in our location. It is this Time that gives us as humans the sense of Time, and also influences the aging process of all life, whether zoological or botanical.
A distinction must be made between elapsed Time (hereinafter – "Time"), which expresses the degree to which the movement of Matter is delayed by Space, and Timing, which is a location on the axis of motion of Matter in Space-Time. Different substances experience different degrees of delay (hereinafter – Delay-portions) when interacting with Space-objects. The differences in Delay-portions between different materials are due to their different properties such as size, density, or geometric structure.
Time is actually a measurement by clock of the number of Delay-portions that has affected the Matter during its motion. The definition of a single Delay-portion would be therefor: the rate of the minimum possible delay, by which Space-objects effects on a unit of Matter in the Universe. One Delay-portion is the one that creates the smallest unit of Time in the Universe which is Planck Time, approximately that is equal to 10 to the power of minus 43 seconds. Since in my opinion Time arises from the delay of Matter by discrete Space-objects, Time itself is also discrete.
Timing is the place of the Moving-Matter in Time (a specific hour, a specific minute), which is identical to its location in Space. When Matter moves between Space-objects but out of contact with them, Time is not measured
A mere quantitative measurement of Time by ticking a clock will give a scalar result, meaning directionless. As mentioned, Time is the result of motion, and motion has a direction, Time also has a direction. This direction is precisely the opposite direction to the motion of Matter in Space. Therefore, Time is a vector, it has a magnitude and direction that changes according to the circumstances. It should be noted here that the relativistic equation that describes the place of an event in the overall fabric of Space-Time denotes, not coincidentally, the spatial position of the event by means of positive mathematical signs and the Time location of the event in a negative sign (meaning., in the opposite direction of Space).
The following is the equation that describes the relative location of events in Space-Time:
(dS) ² = (dX)² + (dY)² + (dZ)² – C² (dT)²
Where: dS is the difference in Space-Time coordinates between two events that occur in two different places in Space-Time, C is the speed of Light, dT is the Time difference between the events, and dX, dY, dZ are the spatial coordinate difference between the two places.
The theory of Relativity is based, among other things, on the assumption that the maximum permissible and possible speed in the Universe is the speed of Light in a vacuum. In my opinion, Nature has a more fundamental motion that cannot be measured by humans, which is the movement of Matter in the Universe at an Instantaneous speed (or alternatively, infinite speed). In other words, the basic movement is actually a transition from place A to place B without any Time elapsing, because there is no delay in the movement of Matter by the Space-objects. For example: Electrons pass between the Energy shells of an Atom without any Time elapsing during the operation. this action is done at an instantaneous speed without encountering Space-objects, and therefore Time is neither created nor measured.
In my opinion as mentioned, Time is a function of a movement of Matter delayed by Space-objects. The amount of delay (elapsed Time) depends on four factors:
1. The velocity of the Matter in motion (originating from the force exerted on it in the first place).
2. The magnitude of the minimum Delay-portion (the portion that creates the Plank Time).
3. The specific Delay-coefficient of the Matter (a function of its properties – size, shape etc.).
4. The quantity and density of the Space-objects that the Moving-Matter will encounter in its movement during the measurement.
For all the reasons listed above, the equation that describes relationship between Speed, Time and Distance should be corrected by adding the delay components.
The basic equation of motion for an object moving in equal velocity motion is S = V· T where S is the spatial distance passed by the Moving-Matter, V is its measured velocity and T is its Earthly Time. To this we add an equation that describes Time as a function of Delay-portions T = M°· D· E. where M° is the magnitude of the minimum Delay-portion in the Universe, D is the specific Delay-coefficient of the Moving-Matter and E is the number of Space-objects that have delayed the Moving-Matter during the measurement of its motion.
M° and D are numbers smaller than 1, since they reduce the distance passed by the Moving-Matter during the measurement.
The unified equation would look like this: S = V· T = V· M°· D· E
Where: M° ≤ 1 Where: D ≤ 1
In other words, the spatial distance passed by a substance is a function of its spatial velocity, limited by the multiplication of the minimum Delay-portion in its specific Delay-coefficient, and as a function of the number of Space-objects it encounters in its motion during the measurement.
In the equation developed above, the spatial distance S, the size of the minimum Delay-portion M° and the Delay-coefficient of the Moving-Matter is D, are a given number and constant for our purpose. The variable numbers are, velocity V and the number of Space-objects E encountered by the Moving-Matter. Increasing the velocity V (by any Force) will reduce the number of Space-objects E which the Moving-Matter will meet, thereby slowing down Time up to 0 in the photons
When a Matter with a large amount of Mass is in Space, it interacts with it (using the Higgs field), causing Space to bend to a sphere around the center of Mass of the Massive Matter (in my view – it rearranges the Space-objects around the center of Mass of the Massive Matter). Thus, as Einstein said, Matter with a large amount of Mass actually determined the path of motion for Moving-Matter (the Moving-Matter itself does not have to have Mass —for example photons of Light). The stronger the Gravity, the more extreme the curvature of Space will be, and the more Moving-Matter will move toward the center of Mass of the Massive Matter. This action is actually parallel to the application of force, and this causes the acceleration of the Moving-object and increases the speed of its movement. From here we returned to the previous paragraph – the higher the speed, or alternatively, the stronger the Gravity, the greater the slowdown of Time.
A special and extreme case is the Black-hole. Its Gravity is so strong that a Matter in motion that gets caught in it reaches almost the speed of Light, so Time hardly elapses inside the Black-hole itself.
Similar to what happens in a Black-hole (only with greater intensities), the Matter in that primordial block (which erupted as the Big Bang) was subjected to such enormous Energy pressures that the movement within the primordial Mass was in Instantaneous-velocity. Space as a delaying factor has not yet been created, and therefore Time has not yet been created, and this is why the question– what was before the Big Bang? is meaningless.
The position and movement of an object in Space-Time are expressed in the language of mathematics in terms of a combination of two types of dimensions:
1. A spatial dimension, which has a longitudinal axis, a lateral axis and a depth axis. The spatial dimension has a minimum measuring dose, which is determined by the size of the smallest unit of Matter, probably of a similar magnitude along Planck's length, which is 1.62 m multiplied by 10 to the power of minus 35. Movement in the Space is free and unlimited in all directions.
2.A temporal dimension, in which the axes are identical to the axes of the spatial dimension, only the direction of movement in the axes is always opposite to the direction of movement in the spatial axes. The temporal dimension makes it possible to determine the relative position of points in Time (Timing). The temporal dimension has a minimum measuring dose – a Planck Time that is equal to 10 to the power of minus 43 seconds. The movement in Time is free, and unlimited in all directions.
In my opinion, there is no theoretical prevention that as a result of any external influence on the Milky Way Galaxy (or on the Solar System, or on Earth), it will move in Space in any angular direction X in relation to the direction of its spatial motion today. In this situation, our future will be in a different direction and place than is currently predicted today.
The problem arises in the movement to the past, which allegedly creates paradoxical phenomena such as the grandfather and grandson paradox. In my opinion, for two reasons, there is no fear of moving into the past which would supposedly allow us to change the future:
A: Due to the expansion of the Universe and the movement of the Space-objects themselves, those Space-objects to which it would theoretically be possible to return to, will no longer be in the same place, and in fact we will not be able to find them.
B: If some magical imaginary creature, who wants to reach the past and change it, succeeds miraculously in locating the place in the past of a Space-object is seeking, then the event that happened in it at the past is no longer there and cannot be changed.
In conclusion: in my opinion it is important to remember that the movement in Time is possible in principle in any direction, including angular combinations of directions, and it depends only on the direction of movement of Matter in Space. Therefore, movement is also permitted in the direction of the past – a past is a place in Space-Time where an event took place. In fact, Matter is allowed to move in all directions of Time, as described for example, in the book by Nobel price winer – Richard Feynman, "Light and Matter". Feynman permits motion in all directions when measuring the possibilities of motion of Photons or Electrons in order to determine the probability of their modes of action. In fact, the two great physical theories – the theory of Relativity and the Quantum mechanics – would not exist if they did not permit backward movement in Time in their equations. My hypothesis about the essence of Time, only explains why I think Feynman was right in his approach.
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